新西兰和澳大利亚的决策能力评估:系统化审查
Nicola Mooney1, Clare M McCann1, Lynette Tippett1
1School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
概括
由于人口老龄化和新的辅助死亡法律,医疗保健专业人员需要明确的决策能力 (DMC) 评估指南. 本次审查强调了缺乏标准化,并确定了澳大利亚实践中的关键挑战.
科学领域:
- 医疗法律和伦理学
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 神经学 神经学
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化增加了神经退行性疾病的发生率.
- 澳大利亚和新西兰最近的自愿辅助死亡立法需要强有力的决策能力 (DMC) 评估.
- 在澳大利亚,医疗保健专业人员面临越来越多的责任,在没有明确的立法指导的情况下进行DMC评估.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合澳大利亚关于决策能力 (DMC) 评估的文献.
- 确定当前的过程,挑战和围绕该地区DMC评估的辩论.
- 为DMC评估制定标准化实践和指导方针提供信息.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了系统化审查.
- 在六个主要数据库 (CINAHL,Scopus,Embase,Medline,PsycINFO,Google Scholar) 进行了搜索.
- 在质量评估后,包括了33篇相关文章,通过诱导方法确定了关键主题.
主要成果:
- 发现了对进行DMC评估的标准化和明确指导方针的严重缺乏.
- 关键问题包括专业人员的培训和知识不足,未定义的专业角色,以及因医疗和精神疾病而产生的复杂性.
- 医疗法律界面在当前的DMC评估实践中是一个显著的挑战.
结论:
- 对于澳大利亚的决策能力 (DMC) 评估,迫切需要标准化的协议和立法指导.
- 解决专业培训,角色明确性以及医疗和法律因素的复杂性至关重要.
- 改进的框架对于确保对弱势群体进行一致和道德合理的DMC评估至关重要.
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