应对崩:珊瑚礁鱼类网络的功能强度到模拟级联灭绝的功能强度
André L Luza1,2, Mariana G Bender1, Carlos E L Ferreira3
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Global change biology
|September 25, 2024
概括
珊瑚礁鱼群因珊瑚物种的减少而面临重大生物多样性损失. 灭绝级联威胁着分类学和功能多样性,特别是间接鱼类灭绝,影响珊瑚礁生态系统的健康.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 网络分析 网络分析
背景情况:
- 人类活动和气候变化正在导致前所未有的物种丧失和生态系统退化.
- 灭绝级联,即一种物种的灭绝导致其他物种的灭绝,大大导致全球生物多样性下降.
- 这些级联影响着跨生态层面的分类学和功能多样性.
研究的目的:
- 估计珊瑚礁鱼群的功能强度,以估计大西洋西南部珊瑚礁物种的消失.
- 在不同的珊瑚物种丧失场景下量化分类学和功能多样性的级联损失.
主要方法:
- 使用基于珊瑚和藻类覆盖的模型预测的珊瑚礁鱼类占用率构建了一个三方网络.
- 该网络包括珊瑚物种,珊瑚相关鱼类和共生鱼类.
- 在三个珊瑚损失场景下,使用攻击耐受度曲线计算网络稳定性 (R):度中心性,漂白脆弱性和随机删除.
主要成果:
- 中心度的场景 (去除与鱼类最相关的珊瑚) 导致了最大的多样性损失 (最低R).
- 功能多样性显示出对直接鱼类损失的强度 (R=0.85),但分类学多样性没有 (R=0.54).
- 分类学和功能多样性都表现出对间接鱼类灭绝 (R=0.31和R=0.57分别) 的低强度,100%的珊瑚损失减少了69%的特征空间.
结论:
- 大西洋西南部珊瑚礁的珊瑚损失具有连锁效应,远远超出了珊瑚和鱼之间的直接关系.
- 人类对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响可能引发灭绝级联,严重影响依赖珊瑚的鱼群.
- 保护工作必须考虑这些间接影响,以保护珊瑚礁鱼的生物多样性和生态系统功能.
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