审查当地无家可归者死亡率的努力:呼吁标准化数据和报告
Ashley A Meehan1, Ben T King, Rachel Biggs
1Author Affiliations: Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Ms Meehan); Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (Dr King); Humana Integrated Health System Sciences Institute, University of Houston, Texas (Dr King); Albuquerque Health Care for the Homeless, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Ms Biggs); and National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Boyer, Ms Berner-Davis, and Dr DiPietro).
估计美国无家可归者死亡人数是具有挑战性的,因为当地方法各不相同. 标准化数据收集对于准确的无家可归死亡率跟踪和公共卫生干预至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 美国没有国家对无家可归者死亡率的估计.
- 当地司法管辖区使用各种方法来估计无家可归者死亡人数.
- 本研究检查了现有的当地方法来估计无家可归者死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 分析当地用于估计无家可归者死亡的方法.
- 记录有关无家可归者死亡率的当前知识.
- 总结各种各样的当地数据收集和报告实践.
主要方法:
- 对17个公开可用的无家可归死亡报告 (灰色文献) 的系统审查.
- 数据提取包括死亡人数,观察日期,数据来源,无家可归身份确定,死亡方式/原因和人口统计.
- 报告来源于政府和专注于无家可归和健康的非营利组织.
主要成果:
- 在当地无家可归者死亡报告中,数据收集和报告存在显著差异,阻碍了聚合.
- 验尸医生数据是最常见的来源;意外死亡是最普遍的死亡方式.
- 毒性 (过量服用) 和心血管疾病是主要原因;大多数死者年龄在40-60岁之间,80%是男性.
结论:
- 对于收集和报告无家可归者死亡数据的标准化指导是迫切需要的.
- 卫生部门,无家可归者医疗保健计划和护理连续体之间的合作可以改善数据共享.
- 建议将无家可归的变量集成到电子死亡报告系统中,等待联邦指导.
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