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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
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使用反向对比基库奇衍射模式和替代测量几何形状的EBSD和TKD分析.

Grzegorz Cios1, Aimo Winkelmann1, Gert Nolze2

  • 1Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

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概括

电子反射散射衍射 (EBSD) 和传输基库奇衍射 (TKD) 模式与反向对比可以准确地索引. 基于物理的模拟主模式克服了纳米级地形和低倾斜几何学的挑战.

关键词:
相反的反向对比度.欧洲银行股票监督管理局 (EBSDD)基库奇衍射是基库奇的衍射.在TKDD上.地形学地形学地形学地形学

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 晶体学 晶体学是指结晶学.
  • 电子显微镜电子显微镜

背景情况:

  • 电子反射散射衍射 (EBSD) 和传输基库契衍射 (TKD) 模式可以呈现反转的基库契波段对比.
  • 这种现象是由于异常吸收而发生的,特别是在纳米级地形,低倾斜几何或TKD中较厚的样本中.

研究的目的:

  • 为了展示基于物理的模拟主图案的应用,用于准确的晶体方向确定,用反向对比度.
  • 解决因对比逆转而失败的标准方法在索引EBSD和TKD模式中的挑战.

主要方法:

  • 使用基于物理的模拟主图案,并使用反向对比度进行索引.
  • 应用于复杂案件的粗暴武力索引.
  • 在金纳米结构和非倾斜表面上研究了EBSD.
  • 在双重不钢片上检查了TKD.
  • 数学上反转的反转对比模式与正常对比.

主要成果:

  • 从金纳米结构中成功索引了以前无法解释的EBSD模式,使用对比反转的主模式.
  • 索引EBSD地图从一个非倾斜的表面,通过应用对比反转的模式.
  • 索引了较厚的TKD样本的显著区域,显示了对比度反转,扩大了可评估的数据.
  • 在数学上逆转对比逆转模式后,成功实现了基于Hough/Radon的索引.

结论:

  • 基于物理的模拟主模式与反向对比是有效的解决水晶定向问题.
  • 这种方法显著提高了EBSD和TKD分析的成功率和面积覆盖率,特别是对于具有挑战性的样本几何和条件.