心理理论与实用能力在典型和非典型发育中的变性
Anna Babarczy1, Dorottya Dobó2, Péter Nagy3
1Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, Budapest, Hungary.
Journal of communication disorders
|September 25, 2024
概括
心理理论 (ToM) 和实用技能是相关的,但在儿童中是不同的. 虽然自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 对两者都有影响,但注意力缺陷多动症障碍 (ADHD) 和发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 没有显著的缺陷.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 心理理论 (ToM) 缺陷经常与儿童的语言障碍有关.
- 了解ToM,语言和实用推理之间的关系对于诊断发育障碍至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同认知特征的儿童的ToM和实用推理之间的关系.
- 为了区分对最小语言的ToM任务的性能与依赖语言的实用推理任务.
- 将ToM和实用能力的敏感性与核心语言,记忆和执行功能 (EF) 技能进行比较.
主要方法:
- 通过社会归因任务 (SAT-MC-II) 评估ToM,并通过隐性理解任务评估实用能力.
- 在典型发育的儿童和患有ASD,ADHD和DLD的儿童中测量了感受词汇,语法,短期和工作记忆 (STM/WM) 和EF.
- 包括33名典型发育的儿童,26名ASD,25名ADHD,18名DLD (8-14岁).
主要成果:
- 在实用推理和ToM之间发现了中等的正相关性,表明它们是相关的,但却是不同的.
- 患有自闭症的儿童在ToM和实用推理方面都表现出障碍.
- 实用性表现与STM,口头WM,EF,语法和词汇相关,而ToM主要与口头WM和词汇相关.
结论:
- 解开对ToM任务的认知贡献可以澄清ToM在语言中的作用.
- 在发育障碍中,可以识别出 ToM 和实用技能的独特模式.
- 研究结果强调了儿童的认知技能和社会沟通能力之间的细微关系.
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