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试验感染的小牛和母牛的H5N1类2.3.4.4b动态

Nico Joel Halwe¹, Konner Cool², Angele Breithaupt³

¹Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.

|September 25, 2024

概括

高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAIV) H5N1在奶牛乳液中严重复制,导致乳腺炎. 牛奶,而不是呼吸道,是可能的H5N1传染源.

科学领域:

兽医病毒学
动物健康
传染性疾病

背景情况:

高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAIV) 类2.3.4.4b H5N1感染在美国奶牛中出现于2024年3月.
病毒迅速蔓延到多个州的许多农场.

研究的目的:

评估美国H5N1牛分离物 (H5N1 B3.13) 在小牛的口腔敏感性和传播.
评估哺乳期母牛对H5N1 B3.13或欧盟H5N1野生鸟类分离物 (H5N1 euDG) 的乳腺内接种的敏感性.

主要方法:

在小牛和哺乳奶牛中进行了实验性感染研究.
牛犊是通过口腔接种的;奶牛是通过乳腺直接接种的.
对病毒复制,泄漏,临床症状和传播进行了监测.

主要成果:

小牛口腔注射导致中度的鼻子复制和脱落,没有严重的症状或传播.
在母乳内注射牛造成严重的死乳炎,高烧,并大幅减少牛奶产量.
在牛奶中发现高病毒标位 (10^9 TCID50/ml),但没有发生全身感染.
在乳腺内复制后,适应性突变E627K在H5N1euDG中出现.

结论:

美国和欧盟的H5N1分离物可以在牛中复制,导致严重的乳腺炎.
牛奶和挤奶可能是牛之间的H5N1传播的主要途径,而不是呼吸道传播.
需要对H5N1牛乳炎的发病和传播进行进一步的研究.

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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.