使用人工智能的软件用于CT肺癌查中的结节和癌症检测:测试准确性研究的系统审查
Julia Geppert1, Asra Asgharzadeh2,3, Anna Brown3
1Warwick Screening & Warwick Evidence, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Thorax
|September 25, 2024
概括
用于肺癌查的人工智能 (AI) 软件提高了癌症检测率,但也增加了假阳性,导致不必要的监视. 需要进一步的研究来增强AI的特异性并减少研究偏见.
科学领域:
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 用计算机断层扫描 (CT) 查肺癌对于早期检测至关重要.
- 人工智能 (AI) 软件越来越多地被开发用于CT扫描中的结节检测和分析.
- 评估AI在肺癌查中的准确性和临床影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查人工智能软件辅助在基于CT的肺癌查中的准确性和影响.
- 评估AI对结节检测,阅读时间和临床管理的影响.
- 评估AI用于肺癌查的研究中存在的偏差风险和适用性问题.
主要方法:
- 对CE标记AI软件进行系统审查,用于CT肺癌查中自动检测结节.
- 在2012年至2023年3月期间搜索了多个数据库 (Medline,Embase,Cochrane CENTRAL).
- 包括报告测试准确度或对阅读时间/临床管理的影响的研究;使用 QUADAS-2 和 QUADAS-C 评估偏差风险;执行叙事合成.
主要成果:
- 十一项研究 (19,770名患者) 评估了六个AI软件;所有这些都存在偏差和适用性问题的高风险.
- 人工智能辅助阅读更快,提高了检测可操作/恶性结节的灵敏度 (+5%至+20%).
- 人工智能降低了特异性 (-3%至-8%) 和增加了假阳性,可能导致不必要的CT监测非癌症发现.
结论:
- 人工智能对肺癌查的协助显示了提高灵敏度的潜力,但也引起了人们对虚假阳性结果增加和不必要的随访的担忧.
- 未来的研究必须专注于提高AI的特异性,并通过强大的研究设计,尽量减少偏见和适用性问题.
- 优化人工智能工具对于平衡早期检测的好处与肺癌查中过度诊断和过度治疗的风险至关重要.
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