选择初学者飞行员的相对年龄效应 - - 重温格拉德威尔著名的说法
Emil Lager1, Kimmo Sorjonen1, Marika Melin1
1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Heliyon
|September 26, 2024
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 并没有显著影响飞行员选拔考试成绩或商业航空的入学率. 出生日期对初始候选人的认知或操作能力评估没有偏见.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 航空心理学 航空心理学
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 在教育和体育领域得到证实,它有利于学年早期出生的人.
- 在传统学校教育之外的环境中,如职业选择,RAE的存在和影响仍未得到充分研究.
- 选择程序中的潜在偏见可能会产生重大影响,特别是对于商业航空等安全关键职业.
研究的目的:
- 调查商业航空飞行员选拔过程中相对年龄影响的存在和程度.
- 为了确定出生日期是否会影响飞行员选择中使用的认知和操作能力测试的表现.
- 评估相对年龄是否影响入学商业航空培训计划.
主要方法:
- 在瑞典对1113名商业航空公司的初学者进行了一项研究.
- 相对年龄和时间表年龄与认知能力,手动空间能力和多任务能力测试的分数进行了分析.
- 统计分析检查了年龄因素与考试成绩以及飞行学校录取之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 相对年龄与六个绩效分数中的任何一个或聚合因子分数 (r = -0.009,p = 0.791) 没有显著的相关性.
- 相对年龄没有预测飞行学校的入学情况 (b = 0.036,p = 0.210).
- 年代学年龄与手动空间能力相关,但与总分或入学无关.
结论:
- 这些发现表明,相对年龄的影响可能会在成年早期减少或消失,特别是在传统教育之外的操作环境中.
- 该研究表明,出生日期似乎不会根据测试的能力对商业航空飞行员的选择过程产生偏见.
- 为了使RAE表现为操作能力,可能需要诸如激烈的候选人竞争和随后的专业培训暴露等因素.
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