在临床文本中自动识别患者未满足的社会需求,使用自然语言处理
Sungrim Moon1, Yuqi Wu2, Jay B Doughty3
1National Center for Advanced Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD.
Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health
|September 26, 2024
概括
自然语言处理 (NLP) 从临床笔记中有效地识别患者未满足的社会需求,使及时干预成为可能. 这种方法促进了对健康的社会决定因素的数据驱动研究.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 识别患者未满足的社会需求对于及时干预至关重要.
- 临床文本包含有关健康的社会决定因素的宝贵信息.
- 现有的社会需求识别方法可能耗时或不完整.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估自然语言处理 (NLP) 解决方案,以从临床文本中识别患者未满足的社会需求.
- 通过准确标记社会需求,使及时干预成为可能.
- 促进对健康的社会决定因素进行数据驱动的研究.
主要方法:
- 一个回顾性队列研究,涉及临床笔记和门户消息的注释,从初级保健患者转到社区卫生工作者 (CHW) 计划.
- 开发和比较两个NLP解决方案:一个基于语义嵌入矢量和基于相似性的分类,另一个使用设计的术语和模式.
- 评估NLP解决方案使用精度,回忆和F1得分,在整个队列中应用最佳性能模型.
主要成果:
- 在5675个临床笔记和475个门户消息的注释过程中,实现了高的注释者间一致性 (0.938).
- 最好的NLP解决方案在识别未满足的社会需求方面获得了0.95的F1得分.
- 在CHW转诊队伍中的1103名患者中,超过80%的人在转诊前六个月内至少发现了一个未满足的社会需求,其中财务压力和健康素养是最普遍的.
结论:
- 临床文本是识别患者未满足的社会需求的丰富来源.
- NLP解决方案可以有效地识别社会需求,支持CHW转诊和干预.
- 这项技术可以推进对健康的社会决定因素的数据驱动研究.
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