无监督机器学习用于识别基于认知功能和它们对大脑结构的影响的注意力缺陷/多动性障碍亚型
Masatoshi Yamashita1,2, Qiulu Shou1,2, Yoshifumi Mizuno1,2,3
1Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
Psychological medicine
|September 26, 2024
概括
注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 有不同的亚型. 一个亚型,ADHD-C,显示特定区域的大脑体积较小,与语言缺陷有关,解释了ADHD研究中的不一致的发现.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 与额叶和基底腺异常有关.
- 在ADHD神经成像研究中不一致的发现可能源于ADHD固有的多样性.
- 识别不同的ADHD亚型对于理解其神经生物学基础至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 根据认知功能识别ADHD亚型.
- 调查与每个ADHD亚型相关的独特的大脑结构特征.
主要方法:
- 在656名患有ADHD的儿童的数据上利用无监督机器学习 (ABCD研究).
- 雇员 国家卫生研究院 工具箱 认知功能评估任务.
- 在已识别的ADHD亚型和6601名非ADHD儿童之间比较了区域大脑体积.
主要成果:
- 层次集群分析揭示了三种ADHD亚型:ADHD-A (高认知能力),ADHD-B (低认知控制,处理速度,记忆) 和ADHD-C (认知控制,记忆,语言严重受损).
- 与对照人群相比,ADHD-C亚型的左下旋和右侧轨道前皮层体积显著减少.
- 在ADHD-C亚型中,右侧轨道前皮层体积与语言表现正相关;ADHD-A和ADHD-B没有显著体积差异.
结论:
- ADHD-C亚型呈现与与语言缺陷相关的侧轨道前皮层异常.
- 特定亚型的大脑结构差异可能会解决以前ADHD神经成像研究中的不一致性.
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