社区为建立性和减轻风险做出选择:退缩与改造相比
Qing Miao1, Meri Davlasheridze2
1Department of Public Policy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1327 Eastman Hall, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
Journal of environmental management
|September 26, 2024
概括
社区经常在搬迁 (回购) 或改装以减轻危险之间做出选择. 灾难损害驱动严重受影响,价格较低的地区的收购,而在价格较高的地区,改造更受青,少数民族人口的资金差异较大.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 风险缓解涉及各种策略,如保护性结构,改造,土地使用监管和搬迁.
- 与其他缓解方法相比,迁移或撤退是一种独特的方法.
- 联邦计划,如危险减缓补助计划 (HMGP) 和洪水减缓援助 (FMA) 资助社区减缓项目.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较分析退缩 (退出) 和改装策略以减轻危险.
- 确定影响一般减缓,撤退或改造项目的选择因素.
- 检查联邦风险减缓资金在不同社区人口统计数据中的分配.
主要方法:
- 对HMGP和FMA资助的项目 (2000-2019年) 的纵向分析.
- 对影响缓解项目的实施因素的邮政编码层面分析.
- 根据灾害损害,基础设施,房价和人口统计数据,比较采购和改造项目的特点.
主要成果:
- 大多数社区选择采购或改造,很少两者兼而有之.
- 灾害损失增加与HMGP资助的项目增加有关,特别是严重受灾地区的收购项目.
- 较大的堤防保护发生更少的收购;收购在价格较低的住房地区普遍存在,而改造在价格较高的地区更为常见.
- 黑人或西班牙裔人口较多的社区承担的缓解项目较少,这表明潜在的不平等.
结论:
- 退出和改造是联邦政府资助的主要缓解策略,根据当地条件和灾害严重程度进行选择.
- 诸如住房价格,现有基础设施和灾难影响等因素显著影响了收购和改造之间的选择.
- 有证据表明,危险减缓资源的分配不公平,少数群体获得的资源较少.
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