电离辐射和皮肤癌 - - 审查当前证据
Luca Caramenti1, Joachim Breckow2, Guido Hildebrandt3
1Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg CAMPUS GmbH, Neuruppin, Brandenburg, GERMANY.
概括
电离辐射可能会导致基底细胞癌 (BCC),但不会导致状细胞癌 (SCC) 或恶性黑色素瘤 (MM). 对BCC的证据仅限于高辐射剂量,超过典型的职业或环境暴露.
科学领域:
- 辐射保护 辐射保护
- 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
- 辐射瘤学 辐射瘤学
背景情况:
- 皮肤癌是常见的,并且暴露于环境压力因素,包括电离辐射.
- 目前针对皮肤癌的辐射保护指南依赖于20世纪90年代的过时数据.
- 基底细胞癌 (BCC),状细胞癌 (SCC) 和恶性黑色素瘤 (MM) 是皮肤癌的主要亚型.
研究的目的:
- 对1990-2023年间关于电离辐射暴露与皮肤癌之间的关系的证据进行半系统性审查.
- 评估证据,证明电离辐射和不同类型的皮肤癌之间存在因果关系和剂量反应关系.
- 更新目前对辐射保护标准的理解.
主要方法:
- 半系统的文献综述,积雪19个索引文章.
- 确定了29篇关于剂量反应关系和因果关系数据的文章.
- 包括原子弹幸存者的暴露数据,治疗,职业和环境来源.
主要成果:
- 没有流行病学证据支持电离辐射导致恶性黑色素瘤 (MM) 或状细胞癌 (SCC).
- 基底细胞癌 (BCC) 是唯一一种与电离辐射有因果关系的皮肤癌类型.
- 电离辐射和BCC之间的关联仅在暴露水平高于0.5 Gy时才能观察到.
结论:
- 电离辐射诱导性皮肤癌仅限于基底细胞癌 (BCC).
- 对BCC的因果证据需要高水平的辐射暴露 (高于0.5 Gy).
- 目前的证据表明,典型的职业和环境辐射暴露不太可能引起皮肤癌.
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