针对细胞癌的新辅助和辅助免疫基方法:优点,缺点和未来方向
Laura Marandino1, Riccardo Campi2, Daniele Amparore3
1Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; European Association of Urology (EAU) Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
European urology oncology
|September 26, 2024
概括
辅助免疫疗法现在是手术后癌的标准. 手术前的新辅助免疫疗法需要更多的研究来定义其作用和优化患者选择,平衡益处与潜在的毒性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
- 细胞癌 (RCC) 是一种细胞癌.
背景情况:
- 免疫瘤学策略正在显著推进各种癌症的术后治疗.
- 细胞癌 (RCC) 的外科手术环境随着免疫治疗的整合而迅速发展.
研究的目的:
- 在RCC中批判性地审查辅助性和新辅助性基于免疫疗法的优缺点.
- 为RCC的术后免疫疗法提供未来研究方向的见解.
主要方法:
- 进行了现有科学文献的合作叙事审查.
主要成果:
- 辅助免疫疗法 (pembrolizumab) 现在是高风险RCC的腎切除术后的标准护理,显示了生存益处 (KEYNOTE-564试验).
- 目前的证据不支持临床试验之外的新辅助疗法.
- 新辅助免疫疗法可以增强抗瘤免疫反应,但单剂免疫检查点抑制剂的活性有限;组合可以提高疗效.
- 担忧包括仅通过手术治愈的患者的过度治疗和毒性.
- 缺乏用于患者选择和治疗减强的生物标志物.
- 没有随机试验直接比较新辅助/术后与辅助免疫治疗.
结论:
- 辅助免疫疗法代表了对RCC的治疗新标准.
- 新辅助和辅助免疫治疗策略都有潜在的好处和缺点.
- 新辅助免疫疗法的作用需要进一步定义.
- 需要进行前性试验,以确定术前/术后方法的临床疗效.
- 对生物标志物的研究对于患者选择和治疗减强至关重要.
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