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观察或不观察:在不同注意状态下的狗中过度模仿
Louise Mackie1, Jeanne Trehorel2, Ludwig Huber2
1Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria. Louise.Mackie@vetmeduni.ac.at.
Learning & behavior
|September 26, 2024
概括
狗的过度模仿,或模仿因果无关的行为,不受护理人员的关注的影响. 然而,狗在相关任务中更准确,在观察时更少接近刺激,这表明社会动机影响行为.
科学领域:
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 动物认知 动物认知
- 社会学习社会学习
背景情况:
- 家庭狗 (Canis familiaris) 表现出过度模仿,模仿因果无关的人类行为,可能是由社会动机驱动的.
- 已知狗的行为在被人类观察时会发生变化,影响任务性能.
研究的目的:
- 调查狗的过度模仿和任务表现是否受到其照顾者的注意力状态的影响.
- 探索社会目标与工具目标在狗的学习和行为中的作用.
主要方法:
- 这项研究采用了点触点的过度模仿任务,护理人员展示了相关和不相关的行为.
- 在试验期间,护理人员的注意力状态 (观看与转身) 被操纵.
- 记录了狗的行为,包括复制准确性和接近倾向.
主要成果:
- 根据照顾者的注意力,在狗复制因果无关的行为方面没有发现显著的差异.
- 当他们的照顾者正在积极观察时,狗对任务刺激的接触较少.
- 当护理人员观察时,因果相关行为的复制准确性 (为了获得奖励而滑动门) 得到了改善.
结论:
- 照顾者的注意力不会改变狗的倾向,即过度模仿无关紧要的行为.
- 观察存在影响狗对任务刺激的参与和相关行动的准确性,这表明有社会监测效应.
- 在任务中,狗可以追求工具性 (以奖励为基础) 和社会 (以附属关系为基础) 目标.
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