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相关概念视频

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

96
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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概率表现描述的决定和经验的决定之间的差异.

Dandan Nie1, Zhujing Hu1, Debiao Zhu1

  • 1School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.

Journal of Intelligence
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
概括

人们在从描述和经验中学习时,不同的概率是不同的. 概率表示格式的这种差异导致了决策中的描述-经验差距.

关键词:
从描述中做出决定.根据经验做出决定.决策是做出决策的过程.描述 经验差距 经验差距这种频率频率的频率频率.这是一个百分比的百分比.可能性概率概率概率.代表性 代表性的代表性

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Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.

背景情况:

  • 描述-经验差距突出了人们如何根据他们获得信息的方式对相同的风险决策做出不同的选择.
  • 目前尚不清楚各种信息获取方法是否会影响概率表示,从而导致这种差距.

研究的目的:

  • 调查概率信息如何代表从描述中做出的决定与从经验中做出的决定.
  • 为了确定不同的表示格式是否有助于描述-经验差距.

主要方法:

  • 实验比较了百分比和频率格式的概率估计错误.
  • 从描述中评估决策和从经验中评估决策,涉及低概率和中高概率的场景.

主要成果:

  • 从描述中做出的决定显示,对于中大概率的百分比格式的错误较小.
  • 根据经验做出的决定在所有概率级别的频率格式中显示出较低的估计误差.
  • 在从描述中学习时,这两种决策类型都在小概率场景中显示了近乎完美的估计.

结论:

  • 决策者在从描述中学习时更喜欢概率的百分比格式.
  • 决策者在从经验中学习时更喜欢概率的频率格式.
  • 不同的概率表示格式是导致描述与经验差距的一个关键因素.