反运动 跳跃 峰值 力量 随着年龄的变化 在大师 举重运动员 中
Bryan L Riemann1, Matthew Johnson1, Matthew K Helms1
1Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA 31419, USA.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2024
概括
士举重运动员表现出与年龄相关的下肢力量显著下降. 与男性相比,女性举重运动员在衰老时的功率损失较小,在保持功率方面表现优于其他大师运动员.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 衰老的特点是肌肉强度和功率的下降,影响老年人的功能独立性.
- 下肢力量对于日常活动至关重要,其评估对于理解与年龄相关的变化至关重要.
- 反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 是评估不同年龄组下肢力量的验证措施.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究大师举重运动员之间的反运动跳跃峰值功率的性别差异和与年龄相关的变化.
- 为了比较权力输出和与年龄相关的衰退,主举重运动员与其他主运动员和社区居住的老年人进行了比较.
主要方法:
- 来自2022年世界大师锦标赛的63名女性和39名男性举重大师 (年龄35-86岁) 完成了三次最大反运动跳跃.
- 在跳跃过程中测量了垂直地面反应力.
- 计算了峰值功率,将其正常化为体重,并分析了与年龄和性别相关的差异.
主要成果:
- 在举重运动员中观察到与年龄相关的反运动跳跃峰值功率显著下降.
- 随着年龄的增长,峰值功率的下降在男性中明显比女性更明显.
- 与规范数据和其他主体运动员组 (跑步者) 相比,女性举重运动员的峰值功率与年龄相关的下降较少. 男性举重运动员与对照组相比,与年龄相关的下降情况类似.
结论:
- 主体举重运动员经历了与年龄相关的下肢力量下降,男性比女性显著减少.
- 女主举重运动员在保持下肢力量方面表现出了显著的弹性,与衰老相比,超越了其他运动队伍.
- 这些发现突出了潜在的性别特异性适应或训练效应,可以减轻女性运动员与年龄相关的功率损失.
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