在mRNA疫苗接种后,SARS-CoV-2特异性血细胞并没有在骨髓长寿区内长期建立
Doan C Nguyen1, Ian T Hentenaar1, Andrea Morrison-Porter1
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nature medicine
|September 27, 2024
概括
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗诱导抗体,但保护水平正在下降. 这项研究发现,骨髓中缺乏针对SARS-CoV-2的长寿命血细胞,这解释了抗体的减少.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA疫苗是有效的,但抗体保护迅速减弱.
- 特定于SARS-CoV-2的血细胞在骨髓 (BM) 中被发现,造成了一个悖论.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究SARS-CoV-2抗体减少的悖论,尽管骨髓中存在血细胞.
- 为了比较SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体分泌细胞 (ASCs) 与健康成年人的流感和破伤风疫苗的细胞.
主要方法:
- 招募了19名健康成年人,在SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗接种后2.5至33个月.
- 在骨髓长寿等离子体细胞 (LLPC) 和非LLPC子集中测量了流感,破伤风和SARS-CoV-2特异性ASC.
- 分析了BM ASC培养超的分泌抗体和与BM LLPCs相关的血清IgG标位.
主要成果:
- 在LLPC中检测到流感和破伤风特异性ASC,但SARS-CoV-2特异性基本上不存在.
- 与流感 (0.61) 和破伤风 (0.44) 相比,SARS-CoV-2非LLPC:LLPC的比率明显高 (29.07).
- 减弱的SARS-CoV-2血清IgG水平与非LLPCs相关,不同于流感和破伤风,它们与LLPCs相关.
结论:
- 在mRNA疫苗接种后,SARS-CoV-2特异性血清抗体的快速减弱可能是由于骨髓LLPCs的缺失.
- 研究结果表明,与流感和破伤风等已知疫苗相比,SARS-CoV-2具有独特的免疫记忆特征.
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