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相关概念视频

Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
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Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

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The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Taxonomy01:31

Taxonomy

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Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It uses a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories with Latin names. The smallest units of taxonomy, species and genus, are used to assign a formal, taxonomic name to each species in a system. This classification system, referred to as binomial nomenclature, was formalized by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century.
Hierarchy of Taxonomy
The hierarchy that Carolus Linnaeus first...
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相关实验视频

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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综合分类学澄清了一个神秘的灵长类类的演变.

Tobias van Elst1, Gabriele M Sgarlata2,3, Dominik Schüßler4

  • 1Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. tob.velst@posteo.de.

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概括

马达加斯加 马达加斯加 马达加斯加

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科学领域:

  • 生物多样性研究的研究.
  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 保护科学 保护科学

背景情况:

  • 全球生物多样性面临着日益加快的威胁,许多物种在科学描述之前就灭绝了.
  • 马达加斯加本土的生物多样性特别脆弱,通常是神秘的,使保护工作复杂化.
  • 准确的物种划界对于理解进化过程和告知保护策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 提出一个整合性框架,以使用多种证据来澄清神秘的多样化过程.
  • 将这一框架应用于马达加斯加的分类学上有争议的小鼠 (Microcebus) 类.
  • 修订老鼠的物种限制,并确定新的保护优先事项.

主要方法:

  • 开发了物种划分的整合性框架,强调了以分类群为基础的切线和以距离隔离.
  • 系统地将框架应用于小鼠类 (Microcebus).
  • 利用多种证据来评估物种多样性和进化模式.

主要成果:

  • 证明了小鼠的物种多样性被高估了,地理变异经常被误解为物种化.
  • 经过修订的分类,发现密码症是由形态静止和中性利基多样化解释的.
  • 澄清了物种界限,并在属内定义了进化显著单位.

结论:

  • 拟议的框架有效地澄清了神秘的多样化,并改善了物种划界.
  • 修订后的老鼠鼠分类强调了准确的物种识别对于进化推断的重要性.
  • 提供了一种可通用的方法来确定受威胁和神秘的生物多样性的保护优先事项.