促进战略的使用和超越:研究学习策略的制定,数量和多样性与绩效之间的关系
Makai A Ruffin1, Ryann N Tudor1, Margaret E Beier1
1Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2024
概括
推广详细学习策略并没有直接提高考试成绩. 然而,更多地使用阐述和多样化的学习策略与知识保留和学术成功有积极的相关性.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 学习科学 学习科学
背景情况:
- 阐述是一种生成式的学习策略,将先前的知识与新信息联系起来,积极影响学习成果.
- 学生经常无法独立地利用生成性学习策略,如详细阐述.
- 了解影响有效策略使用的因素对于提高学业成绩至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否促使阐述学习策略影响学生阅读学术段落的知识测试表现.
- 探索制定策略使用程度与知识测试结果之间的关系.
- 确定学生使用的学习策略的多样性和数量,以及它们对学业成绩的影响.
主要方法:
- 随机分配参与者到一个详细说明提示 (实验) 和没有提示 (控制) 组.
- 管理一个知识测试,以评估在阅读学术段落后的表现.
- 对学生报告的学习策略进行探索性主题分析和相关分析,以检查策略与绩效之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 实验组和对照组之间的知识测试表现没有显著差异.
- 在这两种条件下,在阐述策略的使用程度和知识测试的表现之间发现了显著的积极关系 (r = 0.17,p < 0.05).
- 学习策略的数量和多样性单独影响了绩效,但在控制多样性时,只有数量仍然很重要.
结论:
- 仅仅提醒编制可能不足以提高测试性能.
- 阐述策略的使用程度与知识保留有积极的关联.
- 进一步的研究应该探索战略数量,多样性和学术学习中的实用性的相互作用.
更多相关视频
13:57Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
12.5K
10:26Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
3.9K
相关概念视频
Elaborative Rehearsals
81
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
The effectiveness of...
81
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
Purposive Learning
104
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
104
Optimal Arousal Theory
147
The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
147
Cognitive Learning
227
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
227
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction
459
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
459
