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在全球协调停止双等效口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (bOPV) 之前增加人口免疫力
Nima D Badizadegan1, Steven G F Wassilak2, Concepción F Estívariz2
1Kid Risk, Inc., Orlando, FL 32819, USA.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2024
概括
为了防止脊髓灰质炎爆发,在2027年停止之前,通过双价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (bOPV) 补充活动增加人口免疫力至关重要. 这一策略显著降低了循环疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (cVDPV) 爆发和病例的风险.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生建模公共卫生建模
背景情况:
- 2022年全球脊髓灰质炎病毒建模表明,在2027年协调停止双价口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (bOPV) 后,循环疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (cVDPV) 爆发的风险增加,特别是1型.
- 之前的分析没有纳入计划的预防性补充免疫活动 (pSIAs),使用bOPV在停止之前增强人口免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 评估2027年bOPV停止对脊髓灰质炎病毒传播和cVDPV风险的影响.
- 评估在停止减轻这些风险之前实施额外的bOPV pSIAs的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一个综合的全球脊髓灰质炎病毒传播和OPV演变模型与2023年流行病学和免疫数据进行了更新.
- 该模型探讨了在2027年计划停止之前具有和没有bOPV pSIAs的场景.
主要成果:
- 加剧的bOPV pSIA显著降低了cVDPV爆发的全球风险,并在2027年终止日期之前和之后预期的脊髓灰质炎病例数量.
- 为了确保成功停止bOPV,需要大幅增加bOPV总体覆盖率,以确保成功停止bOPV的高概率.
结论:
- 使用bOPV实施预防性补充免疫活动对于成功根除脊髓灰质炎和防止cVDPV出现至关重要.
- 为了在2027年实现安全有效的全球bOPV停止,bOPV覆盖率的战略增加至关重要.
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