世卫组织非洲区域第二剂麻疹疫苗引入和覆盖率的进展
Balcha G Masresha1, Messeret E Shibeshi2, Gavin B Grant3
1Vaccine Preventable Diseases Program, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo.
Vaccines
|September 28, 2024
概括
消除麻疹需要两剂疫苗的高覆盖率. 虽然非洲的麻疹含有疫苗第二剂量 (MCV2) 覆盖率有所增加,但仍低于目标,这凸显了12个月以上儿童接种疫苗的挑战.
科学领域:
- 免疫接种和疫苗研究
- 全球公共卫生 全球公共卫生
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建议为两剂含麻疹疫苗 (MCV) 达到95%的覆盖率,以实现消除目标.
- 第二剂MCV (MCV2) 通常在12个月后给予.
研究的目的:
- 评估含麻疹疫苗第一剂 (MCV1) 和第二剂 (MCV2) 的全国覆盖率.
- 计算2013年至2023年在世卫组织非洲区域的MCV1-MCV2退学率.
- 确定与MCV2覆盖率和退学率相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了世卫组织-联合国儿童基金会估计的国家免疫覆盖率 (WUENIC) 数据.
- 分析了世卫组织非洲地区各国的MCV1和MCV2覆盖率和退学率.
- 基于生命第二年提供的抗原数量的MCV2覆盖率和脱学率的比较.
主要成果:
- 在2013年至2023年期间,估计的区域MCV2覆盖率从7%上升到49%.
- 到2023年底,该地区91%的国家将MCV2引入常规免疫.
- 在生命的第二年提供更多抗原的国家显示出更高的MCV2覆盖率和更低的退学率.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但MCV2覆盖率仍然不足以消除麻疹.
- 在MCV1和MCV2之间的高退学率表明,在12个月以上的儿童接种疫苗方面存在挑战.
- 改善MCV2和其他生命第二年的疫苗覆盖率对于实现和维持高免疫率至关重要.
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