塔斯马尼亚魔鬼面对传染性癌症的适应潜力
Kasha Strickland1, Menna E Jones2, Andrew Storfer3
1School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Molecular ecology
|September 28, 2024
概括
塔斯马尼亚魔鬼表现出适应性进化的潜力,以适应魔鬼面部瘤疾病 (DFTD). 虽然体重与DFTD易感性有遗传联系,但在关键特征中没有观察到内生抑郁症.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 野生动物疾病生态学 野生动物疾病生态学
- 保护遗传学 保护遗传学
背景情况:
- 新兴的传染病 (EID),如脸部瘤疾病 (DFTD),导致野生动物数量大幅下降,并施加选择性压力.
- 塔斯马尼亚魔鬼的致命癌症DFTD大幅缩短了寿命,创造了强大的抗病选择.
- 人口下降也增加了塔斯马尼亚魔鬼对近亲繁殖抑郁症的脆弱性.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查表型和遗传相关性,评估 DFTD 是否驱动塔斯马尼亚魔鬼体型的选择.
- 为了估计DFTD易感性的附加遗传变异.
- 在尺寸特征和DFTD易感性方面调查近亲繁殖抑郁症.
主要方法:
- 从正在进行的塔斯马尼亚魔鬼人口研究中分析了22年的数据.
- 估计DFTD与身体尺寸特征 (头部宽度,体重) 之间的表型和遗传相关性.
- 评估DFTD易感性和大小特征的附加遗传变异和近亲繁殖抑郁.
主要成果:
- 发现了头部宽度和DFTD易感性之间的积极表型联系,但没有遗传相关性.
- 观察到体重和DFTD易感性之间存在负面的表型联系,证据表明存在负面的遗传相关性.
- 对于DFTD易感性,头部宽度和体重存在附加遗传变异;没有检测到内生抑郁症.
结论:
- 塔斯马尼亚魔鬼拥有适应性进化反应对DFTD的能力.
- 实际的进化轨迹取决于DFTD本身正在进行的进化.
- 保护策略可能从了解这些进化动态中获益.
相关概念视频
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.0K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.0K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
5.7K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.7K
Cancer Vaccines
345
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
345


