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在4个月大的双语婴儿的语音处理过程中,功能性大脑适应.
Borja Blanco1,2, Monika Molnar3, Irene Arrieta2
1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Developmental science
|September 28, 2024
概括
早期的双语能力塑造了婴儿的大脑. 与单语婴儿相比,四个月大的双语婴儿对言语的神经反应不同,这表明大脑早期适应语言暴露.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 语言学习是由神经发育和环境因素塑造的.
- 早期接触语言对于认知发展至关重要.
- 双语是影响早期大脑发育的重要环境因素.
研究的目的:
- 研究暴露在双语环境中的婴儿语音处理的神经机制.
- 为了检查早期双语经验如何影响4个月大的婴儿的大脑活动.
- 为了比较双语和单语婴儿对言语的神经反应.
主要方法:
- 利用功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 来测量大脑活动.
- 4个月大的西班牙语-巴斯克语双语和西班牙语单语婴儿的大脑反应的比较.
- 分析了神经对西班牙语前进 (FW) 和后退 (BW) 语音刺激的反应.
主要成果:
- 双语婴儿在语音处理过程中表现出双边下部前部和部区域的增加.
- 单语婴儿显示左半球功能专业化用于语音处理.
- 在4个月的婴儿中,确定了双语适应的独特的神经特征.
结论:
- 早期的双语经验会导致大脑在语音处理方面发生显著的适应.
- 婴儿在应对双语语言暴露时表现出神经可塑性.
- 语言环境从很小的时候就深深地影响着发育中的大脑.
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