塔吉克斯坦的物体游戏:婴儿与物体互动,尽管在游戏上有限制
Lana B Karasik1, Joshua L Schneider1, Yana A Kuchirko2
1College of Staten Island & Graduate Center, CUNY, Staten Island, New York, USA.
概括
塔吉克斯坦的婴儿经常玩物体游戏,即使玩具有限. 文化特定的实践塑造了婴儿的探索和学习机会.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 跨文化研究跨文化研究
- 婴儿行为婴儿行为
背景情况:
- 婴儿物体相互作用研究主要基于欧美样本和室内,丰富玩具的环境.
- 塔吉克斯坦呈现出独特的文化背景,有着不同的生活空间和育儿实践,例如gahvora (摇篮).
- 在不同的文化环境中了解婴儿对象游戏对于全面了解早期发育至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查塔吉克斯坦婴儿对象游戏,重点关注对象参与,对象类型和游戏地点.
- 探索塔吉克独特的环境和实践,包括加夫罗拉,如何影响婴儿对象交互.
- 记录婴儿在特定文化背景下在物体探索中使用的适应策略.
主要方法:
- 在塔吉克斯坦对59名12-24个月龄的婴儿进行自然主义观察.
- 观察发生在45分钟的时间内,婴儿在gahvora外.
- 收集的数据包括玩对象的时间,接触的对象类型和位置 (室内/室外).
主要成果:
- 婴儿花了50%的观察时间与物体接触.
- 尽管对象的多样性有限,但物体相互作用是频繁的,并在整个观察期内分布.
- 移动婴儿 (步行者) 将物体游戏分为室内和室外设置,而非移动婴儿 (前步行者) 主要在室内玩.
结论:
- 婴儿对象游戏是适应性的,即使在缺乏丰富玩具的环境中也会发生.
- 文化育儿实践,如加夫罗拉,间接影响婴儿的探索机会.
- 婴儿积极参与他们的环境,通过自我指导的探索来发展文化相关的日常生活.
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