深度学习用于识别个人和家庭自杀思想和行为的历史,来自EHRs
Prakash Adekkanattu1, Al'ona Furmanchuk2, Yonghui Wu3
1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. pra2008@med.cornell.edu.
NPJ digital medicine
|September 28, 2024
概括
深度学习工具有效地从临床笔记中识别个人和家庭自杀思想和行为的历史. 这些先进的人工智能模型改善了风险患者的检测,有助于及时诊断和治疗.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 自杀思想和行为 (PSH和FSH) 的个人和家庭史是关键的自杀风险因素.
- 从电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的临床笔记中自动识别PSH和FSH尚未得到充分研究.
- 准确识别这些历史对于自杀预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估深度学习 (DL) 工具,用于在临床笔记中检测PSH和FSH.
- 将DL模型的性能与传统基于规则的自然语言处理 (NLP) 工具进行比较.
- 评估DL工具在识别未诊断和未治疗的风险患者方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 利用基于变压器的DL模型 (Bio_ClinicalBERT和GatorTron) 来分析来自三个学术医学中心的临床笔记.
- 开发了一个基于规则的NLP工具来进行比较.
- 使用F1评分来评估PSH和FSH检测的模型性能.
主要成果:
- 对于PSH和FSH检测,DL工具的性能明显优于基于规则的方法.
- 生物_临床BERT实现了PSH的F1分数为0.83±0.09,FSH的F1分数为0.89±0.10.
- 盖托特朗获得了PSH的F1分数为0.84±0.07和FSH的0.92±0.07.
- DL工具识别了超过80%的风险患者,这些患者以前未被诊断或未接受治疗.
结论:
- 基于变压器的DL模型在从EHR临床笔记中识别PSH和FSH方面表现出卓越的性能.
- 这些先进的NLP工具可以增强对自杀风险较高的个体的识别.
- 这些发现表明,通过自动化EHR数据分析来改善自杀预防的有希望的途径.
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