青少年和成人发病精神病的认知障碍:一项比较研究
TianHong Zhang1, YanYan Wei2, XiaoChen Tang2
1Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention (20DZ2253800), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. zhang_tianhong@126.com.
Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health
|September 28, 2024
概括
第一次发作精神病 (FEP) 的认知障碍在各年龄组中表现出类似的模式,但在成年人中更严重. 有FEP的青少年在空间认知和解决问题方面表现更好.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 认知障碍是精神病的一个关键特征,影响了青少年发病 (ado-OP) 和成人发病 (adu-OP) 形式.
- 年龄和神经发育轨迹显著影响精神病的认知特征.
研究的目的:
- 在未使用药物患者中,比较青少年发病和成人发病首发精神病 (FEP) 之间的认知功能.
- 调查临床FEP群体内认知领域的年龄相关差异.
主要方法:
- 包括788名从未使用过药物的FEP患者和774名健康对照 (HCs),按年龄划分 (<21岁与≥21岁).
- 利用 MATRICS 认知共识电池 (MCCB) 来评估七个认知领域.
- 用于数据分析的相关性分析和二进制物流回归.
主要成果:
- 青少年和成人FEP之间的认知领域差异与HC中的差异相似.
- 认知障碍在成人发病精神病 (adu-OP) 与青少年发病精神病 (ado-OP) 相比更为明显.
- 迷宫子测试显示了FEP和HC组中年龄差异的最大效应大小. 在ad-FEP中,空间认知和解决问题的能力比ad-FEP更好.
结论:
- 青少年精神病和成人精神病之间存在认知差异,各年龄段的受影响领域相似.
- 认知障碍通常在成人发病的精神病中更严重.
- 建议针对不同年龄组量身定制的认知干预措施.
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