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相关概念视频

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

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[轮状病毒流行菌株的变化]

Yoshiki Fujii1

  • 1Department of Virology 2, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.

Uirusu
|September 29, 2024
PubMed
概括

由于有效的疫苗和COVID-19措施,全球罗塔病毒胃肠炎病例正在下降. 对轮状病毒菌株的持续监测和高疫苗覆盖率仍然对公共卫生至关重要.

科学领域:

  • 病毒学 病毒学
  • 流行病学 流行病学
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 罗塔病毒是全球婴儿胃肠炎的主要原因.
  • 由于各种基因型和区域变异,了解轮状病毒流行病是复杂的.
  • 有效的轮状病毒疫苗已有,并且被广泛使用.

研究的目的:

  • 提供关于日本和全球轮状病毒流行情况的概述.
  • 为了呈现日本流行的轮状病毒菌株的年度变化.
  • 讨论疫苗接种和流行病控制措施对轮状病毒爆发的影响.

主要方法:

  • 对现有关于轮状病毒流行病学的文献和监测数据的审查.
  • 分析轮状病毒菌株多样性和季节性/区域性差异.
  • 评估疫苗的有效性和公共卫生干预措施的影响.

主要成果:

  • 罗塔病毒胃肠炎病例显著减少,特别是在高收入国家.
  • 自2020年10月以来,日本的常规轮状病毒疫苗接种,加上SARS-CoV-2控制措施,导致疫情减少.
  • 偶发的轮状病毒病例继续发生,这表明需要持续警.

结论:

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  • 罗塔病毒疫苗的有效性很高,并大大减少了疾病负担.
  • 公共卫生策略,包括疫苗接种和流行病控制,已经协同影响了轮状病毒流行病.
  • 持续监测轮状病毒菌株和保持高疫苗接种率对于管理持续的公共卫生威胁至关重要.