政策问题,参与和政治化的分裂梯子:厄瓜多尔和智利的宪法性水变化
Margot Hurlbert1, Joyeeta Gupta2
1Centre for the Study of Science and Innovation Policy, Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Avenue, Regina, SK S4P 4V5 Canada.
International environmental agreements : politics, law and economics
|September 30, 2024
概括
当缺乏科学或政策共识时,将气候变化和水资源获取等复杂问题政治化至关重要. 战略性政治化,特别是关于宪法变革的机会,可以保护弱势群体,促进水资源正义.
科学领域:
- 环境政策 环境政策
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 公共管理 公共管理
背景情况:
- 关于对复杂问题的技术主义与政治化的方法存在辩论.
- 政治化可以推动政策变革,但不能保证解决方案.
- 了解何时以及如何政治化是有效政策的关键.
研究的目的:
- 确定复杂问题应在何种情况下被政治化,以及这种政治化的影响.
- 通过政治化和参与的透视来分析政策变革.
- 探索宪法变革在解决水资源和气候变化等复杂问题的作用.
主要方法:
- 在厄瓜多尔 (2008年) 和智利 (2022年) 的宪法变革的比较案例研究分析.
- 将政治化和"机会之窗"与"参与阶梯分割"框架相结合.
- 审查政策框架,参与者联盟,政治领导力和司法问题.
主要成果:
- 当科学或政策上缺乏共识时,政治化是必要的,特别是为了解决价值冲突.
- 宪法保护对于维护少数民族和弱势群体的人权至关重要.
- 脱政治化可能会阻碍政策进步,并可能损害民主进程.
结论:
- 公民参与和有针对性的政治化,与"机遇之窗"相匹配,对于应对气候变化对水的影响至关重要.
- 有效的政策变革需要战略框架,多样化的联盟,政治转变,以及对权利和正义的关注.
- 实施对水权的宪法变更需要社会学习和政策企业家随后的法律行动.
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