预测本科生欧安组织的表现使用传统和结构驱动的情境判断测试在入学时
Ina Mielke1, Simon M Breil2, Johanna Hissbach3
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. i.mielke@uke.de.
Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice
|September 30, 2024
概括
构造驱动的情境判断测试 (SJT) 显示了医学学生表现的预测有效性. CD-SJT的社区规模与客观结构化临床检查在高风险环境中的表现正相关.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
- 社会技能评估 评估社会技能
背景情况:
- 情境判断测试 (SJT) 广泛用于本科医学招生,以评估社会技能和预测学术成功.
- 有两种类型的SJT存在:传统的SJT测量一般行为和构造驱动的SJT针对特定的特征.
- 之前的研究还没有直接比较这些SJT类型在医学院招生中的预测有效性.
研究的目的:
- 调查和比较传统的SJT (HAM-SJT) 和构造驱动的SJT (CD-SJT) 对医学学生客观结构化临床检查 (OSCE) 绩效的预测有效性.
- 确定CD-SJT及其代理和社区尺度是否预测欧安组织在低风险和高风险录取场景中的结果.
主要方法:
- 该研究在本科招生期间对两个医学学生样本 (低风险:n=159;高风险:n=160) 进行了HAM-SJT和CD-SJT.
- 用客观结构化临床检查 (OSCE) 评估学生的表现.
- 统计分析,包括相关性和回归,用于评估SJT的预测有效性,控制诸如GPA,科学测试成绩和性别等因素.
主要成果:
- 在高风险样本中,CD-SJT的社区规模和欧安组织在训练有素患者的表现之间发现了中度的正相关性 (r=0.20,p=0.009).
- 该CD-SJT证明了超过GPA,科学考试成绩和性别 (ß = 0.18,p=0.020) 的欧安组织绩效的增量预测价值.
- 哈姆-SJT显示了可比的原始相关性 (r=0.14),在控制范围限制后,达到r=0.20,类似于CD-SJT的共同尺度.
结论:
- 构造驱动的SJT,特别是它们的共同方面,在预测高风险的医疗入院的临床表现方面表现有希望.
- 这些发现表明,评估特定构造的SJT可能为医学学生有效患者互动的潜力提供有价值的见解.
- 这项研究提供了初步证据,支持在本科医学招生中使用构造驱动的SJT,以加强候选人选择.
相关概念视频
Reliability and Validity
12.7K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
12.7K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
38.9K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
38.9K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.5K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.5K
Surveys
14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.7K
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
Self-Report Tests of Personality
317
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
317


