自杀方法和严重精神疾病:一个系统的审查和元分析
M Trott1,2,3, S Suetani2,4,5,6, U Arnautovska1,2,3
1UQ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
|October 1, 2024
概括
患有严重精神疾病 (SMI) 的人有不同的自杀方法几率. 精神分裂症和双相情感障碍与跳跃死亡有关,而严重抑郁症与药物过量和跳跃有关,但较低的枪支使用率.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 与普通人群相比,患有严重精神疾病 (SMI) 的人面临自杀风险较高.
- 之前的研究还没有广泛研究各种SMI诊断中自杀方法如何不同.
- 了解这些变异对于有针对性的自杀预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和汇集有关SMI患者自杀方法的数据.
- 为了比较SMI患者与没有SMI的人的特定自杀方法的几率.
- 在不同的SMI诊断中识别自杀方法的差异.
主要方法:
- 对12项符合条件的研究进行了系统性审查和随机效应元分析 (n=380,523).
- 在PubMed,PsycInfo,CINAHL和Embase数据库中进行的搜索.
- 使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所检查清单评估偏见风险;没有发现偏见的高风险.
主要成果:
- 精神分裂症患者通过跳跃 (3.38倍) 和溺水 (1.93倍) 死亡的几率更高.
- 双相情感障碍患者跳跃死亡的几率更高 (3.2倍).
- 那些患有严重抑郁症的人死于药物过量 (3.11倍) 和跳跃 (2.11倍) 的几率更高,但死于枪支 (0.43倍) 的几率更低.
结论:
- 研究结果突出了与精神分裂症,双相情感障碍和严重抑郁症相关的明显的自杀方法概况.
- 结果可以为SMI人群提供致命手段咨询和公共卫生干预措施.
- 优先考虑限制手段,例如获得高度或药物,建议在SMI患者中预防自杀.
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