在患有自闭症的学龄前儿童中延迟满足,并担心ADHD
Girija Kadlaskar1, Ana-Maria Iosif2, Burt Hatch1
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California.
概括
患有自闭症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出自我调节的挑战. 早期的冲动性和ADHD特征预测了这些困难,语言可能起着关键作用.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童行为研究 儿童行为研究
背景情况:
- 幼儿时代的自我调节对于以后的生活结果至关重要.
- 自我调节的困难在自闭症和ADHD中很常见.
- 了解神经发育条件之间的自我调节的相似性和差异是很重要的.
研究的目的:
- 检查自闭症儿童,多动症儿童和典型发育儿童的自我调节能力.
- 识别自我监管挑战的早期预测因素.
- 探索语言在早期自我调节中的作用.
主要方法:
- 延迟满足任务被用来评估36个月大的孩子的自我调节.
- 参与者包括自闭症儿童 (n=20),ADHD问题儿童 (n=24) 和对比儿童 (n=130).
- 基于气的冲动性 (18个月) 和类似ADHD的特征 (24个月) 被评估为预测因素.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,自闭症和ADHD关注组都表现出与延迟满足更大的困难.
- 在自闭症 (50%) 和ADHD (35%) 的儿童中,显著比例的儿童过早食用零食,而在对照组中为16%.
- 早期的冲动性和ADHD特征预测了自我调节的挑战,语言能力似乎调解了这些差异.
结论:
- 幼儿园自我调节困难与以后的功能结果有关.
- 针对冲动性和调节性行为的早期干预措施可能对处于危险的婴儿和幼儿有益.
- 语言发展可能是培养早期自我调节能力的关键因素.
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