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美国儿童和年轻人的抑郁和焦虑
Anny H Xiang1, Mayra P Martinez1, Ting Chow1
1Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena.
JAMA network open
|October 1, 2024
概括
年轻人患抑郁症和焦虑症的临床诊断从2017年到2021年显著增加,在COVID-19大流行期间的比率更高. 这些发现突显出迫切需要加强公共卫生和医疗保健干预措施,以改善年轻人的心理健康.
科学领域:
- 儿科心理健康 儿科心理健康
- 青少年精神障碍的流行病学
- 临床诊断趋势 临床诊断趋势
背景情况:
- 青少年心理健康障碍正在上升,但随着时间的推移,临床诊断趋势仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解年轻人被诊断患有抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率和流行率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估临床诊断的抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率,患病率和变化,从2017年到2021年,在5-22岁的个人中.
- 随着时间的推移,确定这些诊断中的潜在人口和临床差异.
主要方法:
- 在南加利福尼亚州,对大约170万年龄在5-22岁的人进行了队列研究.
- 电子医疗记录使用国际疾病统计分类第十次修订 (ICD-10) 代码进行分析,以识别从2017年至2021年的抑郁症和/或焦虑症诊断.
- 发病率按年龄,性别,种族/族裔,收入,体重状况和并发症分层,分析使用波桑回归.
主要成果:
- 从2017-2021年,抑郁症诊断发生率增加了55.6%,流行率增加了60.0%.
- 没有抑郁症的焦虑诊断发生率增加了31.1%,流行率增加了35.2%.
- 在所有子组中都观察到增加,在大多数诊断中,在COVID-19大流行期间 (2020-2021) 的比率更高.
结论:
- 青少年临床诊断的抑郁症和焦虑症在2017年至2021年期间显著增加,特别是在COVID-19大流行期间.
- 该研究确定了较高率的特定子组,强调了针对性干预的必要性.
- 调查结果强调了扩大公共卫生和医疗保健工作的必要性,以应对青年心理健康危机.
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