持续的掠食者:动物园考古证据表明,在Schöningen 13II-4的特殊马狩猎
Jarod M Hutson1, Aritza Villaluenga2, Alejandro García-Moreno3
1MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Leibnitz Center for Archaeology, Neuwied, 56567, Germany; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA.
Journal of human evolution
|October 2, 2024
概括
斯科宁宁13II-4遗址揭示了中期普莱斯托时代原始人使用合作狩猎策略,主要针对全年马匹. 对野生动物遗骸的分析显示,有证据表明现场加工和各种资源利用.
科学领域:
- 古石器时代的考古学考古学
- 动物园 考古学
- 人类起源的人类起源
背景情况:
- 斯科宁宁13II-4遗址因其保存良好的古石器时代文物而具有全球意义.
- 以前的发现包括完整的木头矛和从中期普莱斯托时代屠杀的大型哺乳动物骨头.
- 这个地点对于了解早期人类的行为和狩猎适应性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行首次对来自Schöningen 13II-4的大型哺乳动物动物群的综合分析.
- 使用动物园考古学和语法学证据,重建人类活动 (狩猎,加工).
- 研究人类的狩猎策略,猎物选择和季节性存在.
主要方法:
- 完整的大型哺乳动物动物群的详细动物园考古分析.
- 语音学调查,以了解地形形成过程和人类的影响.
- 检查骨的表现,骨的修饰和屠宰痕迹.
主要成果:
- 马 (Equus mosbachensis) 仍然占主导地位,这表明它是一个主要的猎物物种.
- 有证据表明,这种反复出现的伏击狩猎策略是全年针对马族群的.
- 骨遗骸的运输很少,有大量的屠宰痕迹和成年和幼年尸体的各种加工.
结论:
- 肖宁宁13II-4提供了在户外环境中狩猎单一猎物物种的第一个明确证据.
- 人类可能采用了合作狩猎和加工尸体的肉,骨髓,脂肪和皮肤.
- 这些发现挑战了现有的中世人类生活方式和狩猎适应性的模型.
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