相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 11, 2025

06:11
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
Published on: February 20, 2019
7.4K
减少大脑连接,导致基于价值的选择和刺激剂使用障碍的结果
Liam J Nestor1, Tsen Vei Lim1, Trevor W Robbins2
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
NeuroImage. Clinical
|October 2, 2024
概括
患有兴奋剂使用障碍 (SUD) 的患者在决策过程中表现出大脑连接性降低,影响学习和恢复. 多巴胺药物治疗并没有在SUD患者中急性改善这些神经损伤.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 兴奋剂使用障碍 (SUD) 与基于价值的决策能力受损和神经处理中断有关.
- 最佳的决策和学习对于日常运作和SUD恢复至关重要.
- 支持有利选择的神经系统对于SUD患者的成功康复至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究SUD患者基于价值的选择背后的神经过程.
- 测试SUD患者在强化学习任务中在财务决策过程中功能连接性降低的假设.
主要方法:
- 一项药理学磁共振成像 (phMRI) 研究检查了在SUD患者和对照中基于奖励和损失的选择期间的功能连接.
- 参与者在随机,双盲,交叉设计中接受了pramipexole (多巴胺激动剂),amisulpride (多巴胺激动剂) 或安慰剂.
- 全脑连接学分析确定了在概率增强学习任务期间由多巴胺基受体功能调节的网络.
主要成果:
- 在基于价值的选择和结果处理过程中,SUD患者在功能连接方面表现出广泛的减少.
- 这些连接性减少与使用兴奋剂药物的持续时间有负相关性.
- 艾米苏普里德和普拉米醇都没有急性调节SUD患者在功能性大脑连接中观察到的障碍.
结论:
- 在基于价值的选择和结果处理过程中,大脑连接性减少可能会导致SUD的学习障碍.
- 急性多巴胺基调制未能改善SUD患者的大脑连接缺陷.
- 除了急性多巴胺基干预之外的替代治疗策略可能是治疗SUD所必需的.
相关概念视频
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
47
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
47
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
167
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
167
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
161
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
161
Stimulants
162
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
162
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
447
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
447

