用有机肥代替部分化学化肥保持了谷物产量,并提高了玉米中使用效率
Le Wang1, Hongliang Zhou2, Cong Fei3
1State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
用有机肥 (SP) 取代30%的化学,改善了半干旱地区的玉米生长,干燥物质积累和使用效率 (NUE). 这种做法提高了谷物产量,并减少了与过度气应用相关的环境污染风险.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 农业学是一种农业学.
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 过度的 (N) 在农业中的应用导致低的使用效率 (NUE) 和环境污染.
- 用有机肥 (SP) 代替部分化学N是一种可持续的替代方案,但在半干旱地区的雨水玉米的最佳率尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究SP的不同速率对玉米生长,碳和代谢 (C/NM) 和NUE的影响.
- 确定最佳的SP替代率,以提高半干旱玉米作物系统中的谷物产量 (GY) 和NUE.
主要方法:
- 在中国北部 (2021-2022) 进行的实地实验:没有N (CK),100%的化学N (SP0) 和SP替代15% (SP1),30% (SP2),45% (SP3) 和60% (SP4) 的化学N.
- 评估的玉米生长,干物积累 (DMA),叶面积指数,叶绿素含量,光合作用率,C/NM,植物N吸收 (PNU),NUE和谷物产量 (GY).
- 使用Mantle测试和结构方程建模 (SEM) 来探索指标和GY之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 与SP0.0相比,SP1和SP2处理增强了树冠同化物生产和DMA (6.2%-10.6%).
- SP2处理产生了最高的PNU和回收效率,GY和的农业效率分别增加了9.2%和27.8%,而SP0.
- 较高的SP率 (SP3,SP4) 抑制了C/NM并减少了DMA和GY; SEM证实SP对C/NM进行了积极调节,间接地促进了GY和PNU.
结论:
- 在半干旱的玉米种植中,建议用SP (SP2处理) 代替30%的化学N,以避免产量减少和改善NUE.
- 这种施肥策略为玉米生产提供了可持续的途径,减轻了环境污染风险.
- 该研究为优化半干旱农业系统的肥料管理提供了关键的见解.
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