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相关概念视频

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

680
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
680
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

959
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
959
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.6K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
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工程功能粒子调节T细胞反应

Yudong Li1, Shukun Li1,2, Jari F Scheerstra1

  • 1Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Accounts of materials research
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
概括

工程颗粒生物材料正在推进基于T细胞的免疫调节以治疗疾病. 这些功能粒子有助于调节免疫治疗中的T细胞反应,包括采用T细胞治疗和免疫检查点治疗.

科学领域:

  • 生物材料科学 生物材料科学
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 纳米技术纳米技术
  • 治疗工程 治疗工程

背景情况:

  • T细胞对适应性免疫非常重要,与其他免疫细胞合作,对抗感染和癌症.
  • 不调节的T细胞反应可能导致自身免疫性疾病,需要外部调节.
  • 目前的免疫疗法通常需要对T细胞进行外部工程,以提高其有效性.

研究的目的:

  • 审查使用颗粒生物材料的基于T细胞的免疫调节的原则和发展.
  • 为调节T细胞特征的功能粒子平台概述关键设计考虑因素.
  • 讨论采用T细胞疗法,免疫检查点疗法和恢复免疫耐受性的治疗应用.

主要方法:

  • 具有T细胞识别和激活信号的纳米到微米尺寸颗粒生物材料的工程.
  • 使用粒子作为载体,以有针对性和受控地输送治疗性货物 (药物,细胞因子,抗体).
  • 设计用于in vivo重编程或抑制过度活跃的T细胞的粒子.

主要成果:

  • 模仿抗原呈现细胞的微粒体已经在T细胞扩张中取得了成功,用于采用T细胞疗法.
  • 颗粒辅助输送系统可以定制药物输送,提高生物可用性和降低毒性.

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Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
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Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
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  • 功能性颗粒通过调节异常T细胞活性来恢复免疫耐受性的潜力.

    • 结论:

    • 功能性颗粒生物材料对于推进基于T细胞的免疫疗法至关重要.
    • 颗粒平台的战略设计允许精确调节T细胞反应.
    • 对粒子工程的进一步研究有望用于治疗癌症,传染病和自身免疫性疾病.