生活事件如何使人易于成:表观遗传学的作用
Shirelle X Liu1, Andrew C Harris1,2,3, Jonathan C Gewirtz1,4
1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
|October 3, 2024
概括
表观遗传变化,如DNA甲基化,可能解释为什么有些人在创伤后发展成物质使用障碍 (SUD). 需要更多的研究来将环境因素与这些表观遗传变化和SUD脆弱性联系起来.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 药物使用障碍 (SUD) 是一个日益严重的全球健康问题.
- 只有暴露于毒品的个体的一个子集才会患上SUD,这表明潜在的脆弱因素.
- 童年创伤和其他生活经历可以增加SUD风险,但机制仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 审查表观遗传机制如何影响动物模型中的SUD相关行为.
- 总结当前对生活经验,表观遗传调节和SUD脆弱性之间的联系的理解.
- 确定了解环境诱导的表观遗传修饰和SUDs的研究差距.
主要方法:
- 对动物模型的审查,研究与强化学习相关的大脑区域 (核,前额皮层) 的表观遗传修饰.
- 对研究的分析,研究了先前生活经验对表观遗传修饰和随后的SUD脆弱性的影响.
- 专注于特定的表观遗传修饰,如DNA甲基化和基因素酸化.
主要成果:
- 表观遗传修饰,特别是DNA甲基化和基因素酸化,始终影响与SUD相关的行为.
- 这些修改往往对基因调节产生单向影响.
- 直接将环境诱导的表观遗传变化与随后的SUD行为联系在一起的证据有限.
结论:
- 表观遗传失调可能在SUD脆弱性中起长期作用.
- 虽然某些表观遗传修饰始终与SUD行为有关,但环境诱导表观遗传联系的直接证据稀少.
- 进一步的研究对于了解生活经验如何在表观遗传学上影响SUD脆弱性的差距至关重要.
相关概念视频
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
447
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
447
Human Genetics
540
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
540
Epigenetic Regulation
3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.0K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
161
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
161
Stress and Mental Health
83
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
83
Gene-Environment Interactions
266
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
266


