南非服务不足人口中的结核病负担:系统性审查和元分析
Lydia M L Holtgrewe1, Ann Johnson1,2, Kate Nyhan3,4
1Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
PLOS global public health
|October 3, 2024
概括
南非的贫困人口面临着显著更高的结核病 (TB) 和潜在结核病感染 (LTBI) 率. 针对性干预对于这些弱势群体来说至关重要,以减少疾病发病率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 降低高负担国家的结核病 (TB) 发病率需要了解关键人口中的疾病负担.
- 南非2023-2028年全国结核病战略计划要求在服务不足的社区提供结核病和潜在结核病感染 (LTBI) 的数据.
研究的目的:
- 在南非服务不足的人群中系统地审查活跃的结核病和LTBI患病率和发病率.
- 通过比较服务不足人群与普通人群的疾病负担,为目标结核病干预提供信息.
主要方法:
- 从2010年1月到2023年12月对文章进行系统审查.
- 进行元分析以估计结核病和长期性结核病的综合流行率,按艾滋病毒状况分层.
- 与全国平均水平相比,计算服务不足人群的患病率.
主要成果:
- 在没有艾滋病毒的人 (2.7%) 和感染艾滋病毒的人 (PLWH) (22.7%) 中结核病的高流行率,具有很高的异质性.
- 在没有艾滋病毒的人群中高的LTBI患病率 (44.8%),在PLWH的人群中较低 (33%).
- 服务不足的人群的结核病患病率是全国平均水平的4倍,LTBI患病率 (没有艾滋病毒) 是全国平均水平的3.3倍. 服务不足的PLWH患结核病的患病率高出31倍.
结论:
- 南非的贫困人口表现出相当高的结核病和LTBI患病率.
- 针对性结核病干预措施可能对这些高风险群体有益.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解南非异构的结核病流行病学.
相关概念视频
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...


