相对年龄效应和ACTN3 R577X和ACE I/D多态性在巴西足球运动员:一个协会遗传研究研究
Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque1, Andressa Eliza da Silva Cunha1, João Locke Ferreira de Araújo2
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|October 3, 2024
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 在巴西足球中很普遍,老年球员表现出优势. 有利的α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) 和血管激素转化酶 (ACE) 基因变异与这种RAE有关,与假设相反.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类遗传学 人类遗传学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 描述了在年度选择期中早出生的运动员往往如何具有表现优势.
- 遗传因素,特别是α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) 和血管酶转化酶 (ACE) 基因中的多态性,与运动表现有关.
- 了解RAE和遗传倾向之间的相互作用对于精英体育的人才识别和发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定不同年龄类别和竞争水平的巴西足球运动员中RAE的患病率.
- 分析这个玩家队伍中ACTN3和ACE基因多态的分布.
- 调查这些遗传多态化和足球运动员的RAE之间的潜在关联,考虑比赛位置.
主要方法:
- 对ACTN3 (R/X) 和ACE (I/D) 多态性进行基因定型,对627名巴西男性足球运动员 (U15,U17,U20,专业) 进行.
- 通过比较年龄类别内的出生日期分布与预期的人口分布来评估RAE.
- 统计分析探讨了基因型频率及其与RAE,竞争水平和玩家地位的关系.
主要成果:
- 在研究的巴西足球运动员中,在所有竞争级别和职位上观察到RAE.
- 该ACTN3 R等位基因,特别是RR基因型,显示出与足球运动员,特别是防守者有很强的关联.
- 虽然ACE多态分布通常与对照相匹配,但U17类别显示II基因型的患病率更高. 年龄较大的球员表现出更高的基因型得分,这表明了遗传优势.
结论:
- 相对年龄效应是巴西足球的一个重要因素,在队伍中偏爱老年运动员.
- 好的ACTN3和ACE多态似乎与RAE有关,这有助于相对较老的参与者看到的优势.
- 这些遗传因素可能在运动员的选择和表现中发挥作用,特别是在特定的位置,如防守.
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