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相关概念视频

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

8.1K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
8.1K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.1K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.1K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

4.5K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Electrophysiological Measurements from a Moth Olfactory System
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Electrophysiological Measurements from a Moth Olfactory System

Published on: March 29, 2011

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刺激持续时间编码发生在的嗅觉通路的早期.

Tomas Barta1,2,3, Christelle Monsempès4, Elodie Demondion4

  • 1Department of Sensory Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, Route de Saint Cyr, Versailles, 78000, France. tomas.barta@oist.jp.

Communications biology
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
概括

的嗅觉受体神经元 (ORN) 使用尖峰频率适应来编码气味持续时间,从而使在动荡的环境中进行导航. 这种机制是受体独立的,但在短时间的气味脉冲中失败.

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06:16

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科学领域:

  • 神经伦理学 神经伦理学
  • 感官神经科学是一种神经科学.
  • 昆虫的行为昆虫的行为

背景情况:

  • 昆虫使用费洛蒙进行通信和导航.
  • 识别气味羽毛结构,包括发作和偏移,对于昆虫在动荡的环境中至关重要.
  • 编码气味抵消的机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 研究嗅觉受体神经元 (ORN) 中臭味抵消识别的基础的神经编码机制.
  • 确定气味偏移编码是否依赖于受体.
  • 了解气味偏移编码的生理约束及其行为相关性.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一种用于快速传递激素脉冲的装置.
  • 测量了男性和Drosophila中的费罗蒙调节ORN的响应动态.
  • 利用线性-非线性模型来分析神经计算.
  • 在Drosophila ORNs中表达了蝶激素受体.

主要成果:

  • 甲ORN通过两种时间尺度的尖峰频率适应表现出度不变的刺激持续时间编码.
  • 敏感的ORN无法编码气味事件,反映出它们对羽毛统计数据的有限需求.
  • 甲ORN中的气味偏移编码是受体独立的.
  • 甲ORN中的刺激抵消编码对于短于200ms的气味微风失败.

结论:

  • 甲ORN中的峰值频率适应是气味偏移编码的基础,这对于导航费罗蒙羽毛至关重要.
  • 气味偏移编码是一种受体独立的神经元机制.
  • 飞中气味偏移编码的200毫秒生理极限与对费洛蒙损失的行为反应相关.