一个三重的信任处罚? 主观幸福感中的多数-少数差距
1Department of Sociology and Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|October 4, 2024
概括
种族和民族少数群体面临着影响福祉的信任劣势. 促进社会信任可以帮助减少种族群体之间的福祉差异.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 福利差距是一个重要的社会问题.
- 社会资本,特别是社会信任,是影响个人福祉的关键因素.
- 种族和民族少数群体可能面临与信任有关的独特挑战,可能加剧福祉差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查社会信任与种族和民族少数群体所经历的福利差距之间的关系.
- 检查少数民族可能面临的"三重信任处罚" (水平,返回和保护处罚).
- 确定是否可以利用社会信任来减少福利不平等.
主要方法:
- 利用了欧洲社会调查的多个浪潮 (2008-2020) 的数据,包括来自38个欧洲国家的30多万个人.
- 使用统计分析来评估社会信任对种族和民族少数群体与多数群体相比幸福 (幸福和生活满意度) 的影响.
- 在"水平处罚" (少数群体之间的信任降低),"回报处罚" (信任利益减少) 和"保护处罚" (高信任环境的利益减少) 之间进行区分.
主要成果:
- 发现了大量证据支持"水平处罚",表明种族和少数民族的社会信任水平较低,这会对他们的福祉产生负面影响.
- 没有发现"返回处罚"或"保护处罚"的经验支持.
- 相反,信任的增加与少数群体的福祉增加有关,而高度信任的环境对少数群体的福祉产生了比对多数群体的福祉更大的积极影响.
结论:
- 种族和少数民族之间较低的社会信任有助于福祉差异.
- 旨在促进社会信任的干预措施可以有效地缩小种族群体之间的福祉差距.
- 虽然少数群体在信任水平方面可能面临不利因素,但培养信任为提高其整体福祉提供了一个有希望的途径.
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