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计算机化工作记忆训练在典型发育的学龄前儿童中的近距离和远距离传输效应:来自事件相关潜力的证据
Yan Hong1, Ting Zhang1, Cong Pang2
1Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|October 4, 2024
概括
计算机化工作记忆训练 (WMT) 改善了学龄前儿童的工作记忆 (WM) 和抑制控制,显示了近转移效应. 然而,没有观察到远距离转移到流体智能.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 工作记忆 (WM) 对于复杂的认知任务,如理解和推理至关重要.
- 计算机化工作记忆训练 (WMT) 在其有效性和转移效果方面表现出不同的结果.
- 从WMT转移到其他认知功能的近距离转移的程度尚不清楚,特别是在学龄前儿童中.
研究的目的:
- 研究计算机化工作记忆训练 (WMT) 对学龄前儿童的转移效应.
- 使用事件相关潜力 (ERP) 技术检查WMT的神经相关物.
- 评估近距离转移 (到WM和抑制控制) 和远距离转移 (到流体智能).
主要方法:
- 50名中国学龄前儿童在学校时间参加了为期4周的计算机化WMT课程.
- 用一个活跃的对照组进行了比较.
- 分析了行为表现和事件相关潜力 (ERP) 标记,以评估认知变化.
主要成果:
- 在WMT组中的儿童在工作记忆任务上的行为表现显著改善.
- 在训练组中观察到与工作记忆和抑制控制相关的增强ERP标记 (接近转移).
- 对于流体智能 (远传) 没有发现显著的转移效应.
结论:
- 计算机化工作记忆训练 (WMT) 可以有效地增强特定的认知功能,如工作记忆和学龄前儿童的抑制控制.
- 这项研究提供了证据,表明在WMT之后,近距离转移,但不会远距离转移到流体智能.
- 这些发现对设计用于典型发育儿童和认知缺陷儿童的认知干预措施有影响.
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