通过基因组剖析来评估BRCA突变患者的先发性乳腺组织的癌症风险评估
Takeshi Hirose1,2, Masachika Ikegami1, Kumiko Kida3
1Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
NPJ breast cancer
|October 4, 2024
概括
在正常乳腺组织中的克隆扩张,通过新的克隆性得分来表明,可以在病理检测之前预测BRCA1/2载体的乳腺癌风险. 这一发现为早期预防策略提供了潜力.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 在BRCA1/2基因的生殖系致病变体显著增加乳腺癌的倾向性.
- 目前的临床试验在量化评估这些人乳腺癌风险时缺乏准确性.
- 在正常乳腺组织中异常细胞的克隆扩张可能会在检测到的病理变化之前发生.
研究的目的:
- 评估克隆扩张在宏观正常乳腺组织中的患病率和分布.
- 研究BRCA1/2基因中克隆扩张和生殖线致病变体之间的关联.
- 开发和验证用于定量癌症风险评估的克隆性得分.
主要方法:
- 整体外体测序 (WES) 和向基因面板测序 (TOP面板,乳腺癌面板) 在正常乳腺组织样本上进行.
- 从乳腺癌患者和病原性BRCA1/2变体的携带者收集了样本.
- 基于平均克隆细胞分数开发了一个克隆度得分,以量化扩张.
主要成果:
- 在正常的乳腺组织中发现了复发性瘤基因突变 (PIK3CA,ARHGAP35,HRAS,NF1),表明了克隆扩张.
- 正常乳腺组织的平均克隆度得分为0.95,在有先进乳腺癌史的患者中观察到显著差异.
- 克隆扩张在更大的克隆大小的样本中得到证实,其中包含与克隆大小一致的多个突变.
结论:
- 在癌症病理或放射检测之前,高风险女性的正常乳腺组织中发生了克隆基因变化.
- 开发的克隆性得分显示了在癌症风险评估中评估克隆扩张的有效方法的潜力.
- 这种方法可以为患乳腺癌高风险的个体提供个性化的预防选择.
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