注意力,工作记忆和衰老中的抑制控制:比较业余歌手,乐器演奏家和积极的对照
Marilyne Joyal1, Alexandre Sicard1,2, Virginia Penhune3
1CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|October 5, 2024
概括
音乐活动在执行功能 (如注意力和记忆力) 中表现出特定的优势,无论年龄如何. 这些好处在不同类型的音乐制作中似乎是普遍的,而不是特定于唱歌或演奏乐器.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 音乐的心理学 音乐的心理学
背景情况:
- 执行功能对于认知控制至关重要.
- 音乐参与与执行功能之间的联系需要进一步阐明,特别是关于与年龄相关的变化.
- 以前的研究表明,音乐训练可能有利于认知能力,但具体性仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同年龄段的音乐活动与执行功能之间的关联.
- 为了确定音乐参与是否能缓解与年龄相关的执行功能下降.
- 探索音乐活动的类型 (唱歌与乐器) 或经验的数量是否与执行功能更为密切相关.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及122名健康成年人 (20-88岁) 的横截面研究.
- 参与者包括业余歌手 (n=39),乐器演奏家 (n=43) 和非音乐家对照 (n=40).
- 通过测试听觉处理速度,选择性注意力,抑制性控制 (听觉和视觉) 和听觉工作记忆,评估执行功能.
主要成果:
- 证实了年龄和执行功能之间的负相关性.
- 与非音乐家相比,音乐家在选择性注意力,抑制性控制和听觉工作记忆方面表现出优势.
- 这些音乐家的优势是特定于某些执行职能,而不是全球性的,并且在很大程度上独立于年龄和经验.
- 在歌手和乐器演奏者之间观察到有限的差异.
结论:
- 音乐活动与某些执行功能的特定增强有关.
- 这些认知益处似乎在不同的音乐制作活动中普遍存在,而不是特定于活动.
- 这些发现表明,参与音乐可能会提供相对强大的认知优势,跨越年龄和经验水平.
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