具有较强遗传关联的脑结构与家庭和国家一级的经济环境同样相关
Camille M Williams1, David G Weissman2, Travis T Mallard3
1Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience
|October 5, 2024
概括
对大脑发育的遗传影响并不能保护儿童免受社会经济环境的影响. 即使是高度遗传的特征也与经济因素和政策有关,挑战了常见的假设.
科学领域:
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 关于基因对儿童发育的影响是否独立于社会经济地位 (SES) 存在长期争论.
- 人们普遍认为,受遗传强烈影响的特征不受经济背景等环境因素的影响.
研究的目的:
- 研究遗传影响神经,认知和精神病理现象的关系及其与家庭和国家一级经济背景的关联.
- 确定具有较强遗传基础的表型是否与社会经济因素的关联较小,以及这些关联是否被政策所调节.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自青少年行为和认知发展研究 (N=5374) 的数据,其中包括1KG-EUR类基因型和870对双胞胎.
- 基于双胞胎和SNP的估计遗传性和与教育成就多基因指数 (EA PGI) 的关联.
- 检查了与家庭SES的关联,由国家生活成本和社会安全网计划 (医疗补助扩展,现金援助) 调节.
主要成果:
- 社会经济地位 (SES) 广泛与认知,精神病理学,大脑体积和皮质表面积有关,即使在控制EA PGI之后.
- 大脑表型具有更高的遗传性或更强的EA PGI关联,与SES没有那么相关.
- 这些现象型中的与SES相关的差异与宏观经济背景和政策同样受到缓和.
结论:
- 与普遍认为的相反,与遗传差异密切相关的儿童大脑发育方面通常与社会经济背景和政策有关.
- 这些发现挑战了发展轨迹中从社会经济和政策环境中遗传隔离的概念.
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