评估伊朗麻疹传播风险:利用世界卫生组织的程序性风险评估工具,2022年
Elham Dashti1, Manoochehr Karami1,2, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei3
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC infectious diseases
|October 5, 2024
概括
尽管伊朗的麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率很高,但进口病例构成了风险. 这项研究发现所有地区的传播风险低,尽管评估工具对农村地区有局限性.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病控制和控制传染病
背景情况:
- 伊朗的麻疹消除工作因邻国流行病而受到进口病例的挑战.
- 评估区域性麻疹传播风险对于维持消除状态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估在伊朗不同地区传播麻疹的风险.
- 鉴定潜在易受麻疹疫情影响的地区,尽管疫苗接种率很高.
主要方法:
- 利用了31个省份和463个地区的2019-2021年麻疹病例监测数据.
- 采用世卫组织麻疹程序性风险评估工具,评估人口免疫力,监测质量,计划交付和威胁评估.
- 分类风险水平为低,中,高或非常高.
主要成果:
- 在2019-2021年期间,平均麻疹发病率为每百万人口1.9人.
- 所有被评估的地区都被归类为低风险地区,具有高的人口免疫力 (MMR1/MMR2覆盖率≥95%) 和足够的监测质量.
- 像安迪梅什克 (Andimeshk),查巴哈尔 (Chabahar) 和博伊努德 (Bojnurd) 这样的特定地区的风险得分较高,但仍处于低风险类别内.
结论:
- 总的来说,伊朗的各个地区的麻疹传播风险较低.
- 世卫组织工具的有效性在农村/边缘地区的水平上是有限的,可能需要适应不同流行病学背景的国家 (例如,消除与流行病).
- 建议进行敏感性分析,以优化该工具在各种疾病情景中的应用.
相关概念视频
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
973
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
973
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.2K
01:18Steps in Outbreak Investigation
108
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
108
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
2.5K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
2.5K
01:51Vaccinations
44.1K
Overview
44.1K
01:12Relative Risk
122
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
122