修饰诱导结晶软化中的硬度去除的途径和增强策略
Changgeng Li1, Cheng Liu2, Yun Han3
1Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Journal of environmental management
|October 6, 2024
概括
改性诱导结晶软化有效地去除水中的硬度. 在高剂量 (超过400毫克/升) 和pH值超过10.5时,主要通过Mg(OH) 2结晶实现超过75%的最佳去除.
科学领域:
- 水处理技术水处理技术
- 环境化学环境化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 饮用水的总硬度升高会导致缩,影响水质和可用性.
- 关于去除硬度的研究是广泛的,但去除硬度仍未得到充分研究.
- 的硬度对水处理和工业应用提出了挑战.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用改性诱导结晶软化 (MICS) 研究硬度去除途径和机制.
- 确定提高硬度去除效率的方法.
- 探索MICS用于降低硬度的实际应用.
主要方法:
- 使用改性诱导结晶软化 (MICS) 用于用硬度处理水.
- 多样化软化剂 (NaOH) 剂量和流化床高度,以确定最佳条件.
- 采用密度函数理论 (DFT) 和分子动力学 (MD) 模拟来验证去除机制.
- 研究了凝固剂 (FeCl3) 和上流速度对去除效率的影响.
主要成果:
- 的硬度去除受到软化剂剂量和pH值的显著影响.
- 低剂量 (<250 mg/L,pH <10.0) 通过 (Ca0.936Mg0.064) CO3结晶,可以去除高达20%.
- 适量剂量 (250-400 mg/L) 显示由于二碳酸盐转化而阻碍了去除.
- 高剂量 (>400 mg/L,pH>10.5) 达到75%以上的去除,主要通过Mg(OH) 2结晶.
- DFT和MD模拟证实了已识别的去除途径的可行性.
- 凝固剂的添加和降低的上流速度提高了Mg(OH) 2的结晶性和去除效率.
结论:
- MICS是一种有效的方法来去除水中的硬度.
- 控制软化剂剂量和pH值对于定制硬度去除至关重要.
- 优化的MICS参数,包括凝固剂使用和流量控制,可以显著提高实际应用的去除率.
关键词:
(Ca{0.936) Mg{0.064)) CO{3)) 是一种有氧化物.硬度 硬度 的硬度(OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) ) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) ) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH) (OH)经过修改的诱导结晶软化软化.分子动力学计算计算方法软化剂剂量 软化剂剂量相关概念视频
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria
1.0K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.0K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization
1.7K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
1.7K
Extraction: Advanced Methods
431
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
431
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates
883
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
883
Qualitative Analysis
22.0K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
For instance, group IV...
22.0K


