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关于大流行病条约谈判中的重大法律问题和解决方案的研究
1Law School, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Frontiers in public health
|October 7, 2024
概括
世界卫生组织成员国正在谈判一项新的流行病条约,以改善全球卫生安全. 这项研究分析了协议草案,提出解决法律挑战的方案,以确保公平的国际公共卫生治理.
科学领域:
- 国际法 国际法 国际法
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 全球卫生治理全球卫生治理
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 在2021年12月发起起草一项大流行病条约.
- 像PHEIC这样的现有系统对于全球流行病事件是不够的.
- 世卫组织疫情协议草案反映了到2024年5月为止正在进行的谈判.
研究的目的:
- 分析在谈判世卫组织流行病协议时面临的法律挑战.
- 为有效的国际公共卫生治理提出解决方案.
- 在应对全球流行病时确保公平正义.
主要方法:
- 审查当前的世界卫生组织流行病协议条款草案.
- 与其他国际条约进行比较分析.
- 拟议机制的法律和政策分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了关键的法律问题:条约-IHR关系,合同模式,流行病定义和争议解决.
- 建议为流行病条约和国际卫生条例 (IHR) 提供不同的功能.
- 倡导混合合同模式,透明的流行病确定,世卫组织制度改革和有效的争议解决.
结论:
- 区分条约和IHR功能至关重要.
- 混合合同模式提供了灵活性.
- 透明的机制和改革的世卫组织对于疫情准备至关重要.
- 有效的争端解决机制对于全球卫生安全是必要的.
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