葡萄糖皮质体缩小剂:临床医生的一本入门书
Gagan Priya1, Bashir A Laway2, Mythili Ayyagari3
1Department of Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
|October 7, 2024
概括
葡萄糖皮质激素 (GC) 治疗需要仔细的逐渐减少,以防止上腺功能衰竭,并允许下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴恢复. 逐渐减少剂量可以最大限度地减少副作用,同时控制炎症状况.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 葡萄糖皮质类药物 (GCs) 有效治疗炎症/免疫疾病,但在长时间或高剂量使用时,会带来显著副作用的风险.
- 草甘治疗可以抑制内源性下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴,导致上腺功能不足 (AI) 在突然停止.
- 尽量减少GC剂量和持续时间对于减轻不良影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 概述逐渐减少葡萄糖皮质体 (GC) 治疗的最佳策略.
- 为了确保在保持下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴功能的同时安全停止GCs.
- 为了防止GC诱导的上腺功能衰竭 (AI) 和疾病爆发.
主要方法:
- 从中等到高水平逐渐降低GC剂量到接近生理剂量,监测疾病的重新激活.
- 一旦接近生理剂量,可以实现更慢的逐渐缩短,以促进HPA轴的恢复.
- 在早晨的生理剂量中考虑短期或中期作用的GC制剂 (例如,皮,普雷迪尼索隆).
- 在高风险病例或出现AI症状时,可能使用HPA轴功能测试 (基础/刺激血清皮质醇).
- 患者教育应激剂量GC调整以及携带类固醇预警卡的重要性.
主要成果:
- 接允许HPA轴恢复,并最大限度地降低AI风险.
- 快速逐渐降低到生理剂量是可行的,然后是较慢的减少.
- HPA轴恢复时间与先前的抑制期相关;更长的抑制需要更慢的逐渐缩小.
- HPA轴测试可以指导进一步的逐渐缩减决策.
- 患者对医疗/手术压力的准备对于预防上腺危机至关重要.
结论:
- 为了安全的退出和HPA轴的恢复,GC的逐渐缩小至关重要.
- 需要量身定制的缩减计划,考虑到先前的GC暴露,是必要的.
- 对人工智能的监测和患者教育是GC管理的关键组成部分.
- 个性化管理,可能包括HPA轴测试,确保最佳结果.
相关概念视频
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids
226
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
226
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids
97
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
97
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
185
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
185
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview
3.5K
A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
3.5K
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis
1.6K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
1.6K
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview
415
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
415


