如何低估的自身炎症 (先天免疫) 机制主导不同的自身免疫疾病
Kerem Abacar1,2, Tom Macleod1, Haner Direskeneli2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Frontiers in immunology
|October 7, 2024
概括
对自我的炎症从自身免疫到自身炎症的连续性,涉及先天性和适应性免疫. 了解这种频谱对于分类和治疗免疫介导疾病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 从历史上看,对自我的炎症被归类为自身免疫,专注于自适应性免疫反应,如自身抗体.
- 天生的免疫力及其在病理学中的作用的发现导致了自身炎症的概念,创造了感知分裂.
- 最近的理解突出了先天性和适应性免疫的功能整合,表明免疫媒介疾病的连续性.
研究的目的:
- 探索自身免疫和自身炎症之间的连续性.
- 通过先天免疫的镜头重新评估历史上自身免疫性疾病.
- 讨论各种免疫细胞的作用和免疫介导病理中的屏障功能障碍.
主要方法:
- 审查免疫介导炎症的历史分类.
- 免疫遗传学关联的分析,特别是主要基因相容性综合体 (MHC) 类I和II.
- 讨论针对特定免疫路径的治疗反应.
- 检查屏障功能障碍和微生物失调的作用.
主要成果:
- 一些疾病,包括类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 和全身性红斑狼 (SLE),传统上被视为自身免疫,表现出关键的先天免疫机制和MHCII类关联.
- 像牛皮和贝赫特病 (BD) 这样的MHC-I病变越来越多地被认为是CD8 T细胞介导的疾病.
- 屏障功能障碍和微生物失调症在诸如湿疹和性结肠炎 (UC) 等疾病中显著促进了适应性免疫病理学.
- 介质淋巴细胞群,如马三角 (γδ) 和粘膜关联不变T (MAIT) 细胞,弥合先天性和适应性免疫力,影响特定部位的炎症.
结论:
- 免疫介导的炎症存在于连续性,模糊了自身免疫和自身炎症之间的界限.
- 天生的免疫在许多以前仅归类为自身免疫的疾病中起着关键作用.
- 了解先天性和适应性免疫,屏障功能和新型淋巴细胞群体的综合作用对于准确的疾病分类和向治疗至关重要.
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